Metropolis essays

City papers The Working Class versus The Upper Class Films must contain a type of plot or strife so as to make them intriguing. In Metropolis, a distinct social clash develops between the laborers and their savage chief, John Frederson. This contention is because of the significant contrasts in the lives of the common laborers and high society. The unmistakable division in the public arena gives a premise wherein the revolt can eject in any case. At the base of society lie the abandoned specialists, with the savage machine that controls them above. At the top, lies the rich high society, especially the Brain, John Frederson. In Metropolis, the laborers are discouraged, over-worked, and fleeting. Not just men work this awful and perilous occupation, however extremely little youngsters as well. The laborers are discouraged since they all enter the industrial facility, which looks like heck, promptly in the first part of the day together, with their heads all hung down. They work a long move that endures ten hours. This is evident because of the way that the clock on the divider runs just until 10:00. Just working hours check. This machine, unexpectedly taking after the Pagan god Moloch, runs persistently, creating overpowering assignments for the laborers as it eats up them. Along these lines, this loathsome machine subjugates its laborers, rendering them vulnerable against its unmerciful fury. In contrast to the common laborers, the high society in Metropolis carries on an upbeat, yet useless, and simple way of life. The fundamental character, Fredersons child, is seen messing about in a nursery with a quite little sprite. This scene depicts the privileged as individuals who burn through their time away by including themselves in unconstructive exercises. Not exclusively is the higher society not supporting the laborers in their requesting work, however it doesn't appear to think about the laborers coldhearted condition or wellbeing. For instance, when the principle character goes to his dad about what he has seen underground, the dad just tur... <! City articles A Victory of Style over Content. Examine this announcement made about Fritz Langs Metropolis Fritz Langs Metropolis was shot in Germany in 1926. It is a tragic film depicting a horrendously captivated future society where the common laborers is made to work interminably, as a conspicuous difference to the decision class, for example the privileged, who carry on with the life of extravagance, high up in towers, looking down on the overpopulated city underneath. The possibility of a cutting edge tragic culture was the same old thing during the 1920s. What amazed the film going populace of the time were the cutting edge strategies utilized by Lang. In this article I expect to look at whether the key to Metropolis extraordinary achievement is to be found in its cutting edge recording style or in the genuine substance. In the first place, be that as it may, I accept that it is essential to analyze the life and motivations of Fritz Lang. Lang was conceived in Vienna in 1890 and was half Catholic and half Jewish. Having battled in the First World War, Lang had to leave Germany in 1933 after the Nazis ascend to control, escaping to Paris and afterward Hollywood, where he proceeded with his work. Lang is by and large saw as the most significant movie producer of the Expressionist period. His work has end up being a wellspring of motivation for people in the future of movie chiefs. City is set 100 years into the future from when the film was shot (2026). A youngster named Freder, who is the child of Joh Frederson, the leader of the enormous city of Metropolis, pursues a young lady named Maria, and winds up in a machine room in the lower city. He observes a mishap at one of the enormous machines, and considers the to be as an evil mammoth. Having seen this mishap, he feels that it is his obligation to advise his Father regarding what he has seen. His Father is not interested in his children response, deciding to disregard what he has been told. Freder, in any case, feels regretful, and concludes that he should assist the laborers with escaping their predicament. ... <!

Pre-Historic Art and Egyptian Art

There were numerous contrasts between Pre-notable craftsmanship and Egyptian workmanship . One being that pre-noteworthy workmanship was before recorded history. Which generally began around 40,000 BC as to were composed was around 3,500 BC. Additionally numerous pre-memorable models which they date to be around 40,000 BC had three fundamental angles to it Found ,Portable ,Magical . A prime case of this would be the Venus of Willendorf which was dated around 25,00-21,00 BC. This figure shows the clear huge size of the bosoms and midsection ,which can be deciphered as a fruitfulness image. The figure has no obvious face too which could imply that it was general in the sense, that it could be any female not only a specific one. There were likewise numerous caverns that were found with various kinds of artistic creations in them known as cavern artworks. Around 30,000 BC. One of the main cavern artistic creations discovered was in 1911. A portion of the Egyptian workmanship was, for example, the palette of narmer around 3100 BC. The Narmer Palette is a level plate of schist of around 64 centimeters in stature. Its size, and embellishment give us that it was a stylized palette, as opposed to a real palette for day by day us. Things like the Egyptian tombs or mastaba’s were made to flawlessness with detail and by and large made out of gold. Pyramids themselves were enchanted centerpieces, for example, the pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx. Egyptain figures were increasingly nitty gritty and never detached consistently and a level back piece to it to shield it from falling or adjusting the weight.

New Do More with MeisterTask and GitHub! - Focus

New Do More with MeisterTask and GitHub! - Focus MeisterTask was created with the needs of development teams in mind. Therefore, one of the first things we added was an integration with GitHub, which allows you to complete tasks and checklist items with special commit messages. Thanks to our most recent update, the GitHub integration now offers more functionality and flexibility, making your workflow even more efficient! Whats new with the GitHub integration? With MeisterTask’s improved GitHub integration, you can connect multiple GitHub repositories to a single project, as well as use multiple projects with a single repository. You can now also link pull requests directly in tasks. Upon adding a pull request link to a task description, a new GitHub icon will appear in the tasks right panel. Additionally, the new GitHub integration offers better security and allows us to  add new features more easily in  future. Please note: If youve been using the old version of our GitHub integration, you, too, will need to follow the steps below to keep your MeisterTask projects connected with GitHub. Connecting MeisterTask with GitHub Step 1: Connect your MeisterTask account to GitHub in your  account settings. Step 2: Install the MeisterTask GitHub App. Then, select the repositories youd like to connect to your MeisterTask project(s). Step 3: Re-integrate GitHub with your MeisterTask account. This can be done in the integrations section within your  account settings. Click on GitHub and then start reconnecting your repositories by clicking on Configure and then Add Configuration. Thats it! We hope you enjoy the improved workflow between MeisterTask and GitHub. For even more ways to connect the two apps, check out the integration options provided by Zapier! New Do More with MeisterTask and GitHub! - Focus MeisterTask was created with the needs of development teams in mind. Therefore, one of the first things we added was an integration with GitHub, which allows you to complete tasks and checklist items with special commit messages. Thanks to our most recent update, the GitHub integration now offers more functionality and flexibility, making your workflow even more efficient! Whats new with the GitHub integration? With MeisterTask’s improved GitHub integration, you can connect multiple GitHub repositories to a single project, as well as use multiple projects with a single repository. You can now also link pull requests directly in tasks. Upon adding a pull request link to a task description, a new GitHub icon will appear in the tasks right panel. Additionally, the new GitHub integration offers better security and allows us to  add new features more easily in  future. Please note: If youve been using the old version of our GitHub integration, you, too, will need to follow the steps below to keep your MeisterTask projects connected with GitHub. Connecting MeisterTask with GitHub Step 1: Connect your MeisterTask account to GitHub in your  account settings. Step 2: Install the MeisterTask GitHub App. Then, select the repositories youd like to connect to your MeisterTask project(s). Step 3: Re-integrate GitHub with your MeisterTask account. This can be done in the integrations section within your  account settings. Click on GitHub and then start reconnecting your repositories by clicking on Configure and then Add Configuration. Thats it! We hope you enjoy the improved workflow between MeisterTask and GitHub. For even more ways to connect the two apps, check out the integration options provided by Zapier!

New Do More with MeisterTask and GitHub! - Focus

New Do More with MeisterTask and GitHub! - Focus MeisterTask was created with the needs of development teams in mind. Therefore, one of the first things we added was an integration with GitHub, which allows you to complete tasks and checklist items with special commit messages. Thanks to our most recent update, the GitHub integration now offers more functionality and flexibility, making your workflow even more efficient! Whats new with the GitHub integration? With MeisterTask’s improved GitHub integration, you can connect multiple GitHub repositories to a single project, as well as use multiple projects with a single repository. You can now also link pull requests directly in tasks. Upon adding a pull request link to a task description, a new GitHub icon will appear in the tasks right panel. Additionally, the new GitHub integration offers better security and allows us to  add new features more easily in  future. Please note: If youve been using the old version of our GitHub integration, you, too, will need to follow the steps below to keep your MeisterTask projects connected with GitHub. Connecting MeisterTask with GitHub Step 1: Connect your MeisterTask account to GitHub in your  account settings. Step 2: Install the MeisterTask GitHub App. Then, select the repositories youd like to connect to your MeisterTask project(s). Step 3: Re-integrate GitHub with your MeisterTask account. This can be done in the integrations section within your  account settings. Click on GitHub and then start reconnecting your repositories by clicking on Configure and then Add Configuration. Thats it! We hope you enjoy the improved workflow between MeisterTask and GitHub. For even more ways to connect the two apps, check out the integration options provided by Zapier! New Do More with MeisterTask and GitHub! - Focus MeisterTask was created with the needs of development teams in mind. Therefore, one of the first things we added was an integration with GitHub, which allows you to complete tasks and checklist items with special commit messages. Thanks to our most recent update, the GitHub integration now offers more functionality and flexibility, making your workflow even more efficient! Whats new with the GitHub integration? With MeisterTask’s improved GitHub integration, you can connect multiple GitHub repositories to a single project, as well as use multiple projects with a single repository. You can now also link pull requests directly in tasks. Upon adding a pull request link to a task description, a new GitHub icon will appear in the tasks right panel. Additionally, the new GitHub integration offers better security and allows us to  add new features more easily in  future. Please note: If youve been using the old version of our GitHub integration, you, too, will need to follow the steps below to keep your MeisterTask projects connected with GitHub. Connecting MeisterTask with GitHub Step 1: Connect your MeisterTask account to GitHub in your  account settings. Step 2: Install the MeisterTask GitHub App. Then, select the repositories youd like to connect to your MeisterTask project(s). Step 3: Re-integrate GitHub with your MeisterTask account. This can be done in the integrations section within your  account settings. Click on GitHub and then start reconnecting your repositories by clicking on Configure and then Add Configuration. Thats it! We hope you enjoy the improved workflow between MeisterTask and GitHub. For even more ways to connect the two apps, check out the integration options provided by Zapier!

International Adoption Is A Growing Trend - 2004 Words

Imagine being a child living in a third world country and only being fed two meals a day that barely provide the nutrients needed to help one grow, along with receiving very little affection. Some people argue that international adoption, provides a key role in improving a child s life. Although others believe international adoption creates many complications and should not be an option. Therefore, many believe adopting a child from an outside country or culture can be quite rewarding for both the parents and the child; however, international adoption deals with many concerns as well as serious challenges. International adoption is a growing trend around the world. It is an alternate way to create or expand a family; it is a lifetime decision and should be made very cautiously. After World War II (1939-1945) international adoption started to become popular in the United States. Americans started to adopt children who were either abandoned or had been orphaned during the war. Although the trend started to accelerate after the Korean War (1950-1953), when the South Korean government established an adoption program (â€Å"International Adoption†). Adoption programs tend to thrive after a war or a natural disaster has taken place. Many children that are abandoned or had been orphaned are either left behind to die or are brought to institutions. Hundreds of children live in institutions, although about 200,000 South Korean children are estimated to have been adopted by families inShow MoreRelatedInternational Adoption Crisis Should Not Be A Viable Adoption1257 Words   |  6 Pages International Adoption Crisis The image of an American family has changed dramatically over the last fifty years. American families are no longer modeled after the Cleavers. International adoption has contributed to this changing family view, bringing in children who are not biologically related to their parents and often of a different race. This new American image has helped eliminate race related issues. So, what is the controversy with international adoption? Children are the future of a country;Read MoreInternational Adoption Should Not Be A Viable Adoption Source1233 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Cleavers. International adoption has contributed to this changing family view, bringing in children who are not biologically related to their parents and often of a different race. This new American image has helped to reduce race related issues. Children are the future of a country. If a country is losing their children to international adoption; the county is losing the gifts and talents that are irreplaceable in th ose children. Intercountry adoption should not be a viable adoption source becauseRead MoreAccounting Structure Of Ireland : An Introduction1643 Words   |  7 Pages Hence, the twin assignments that were to characterize the middle period, book-keeping audit, and tax compliance bloomed. In the 1970s Information technology, foreign direct investment and a growingly complex tax code offered new prospects in a growing Irish economy. The Accountants started to offer a broader variety of services and expertise to their companies and the customers. The Irish accountancy firms hired external experts and supported active younger partners, throwing off the conventionalRead MoreEssay about Domestic vs International Adoption1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn todays society, the idea of adoption is an open and welcome one. However, the biggest decision in adoption today is whether to adopt domestically or internationally. There is a very large growing trend in international adoptions today. Compared to adoption rates in 1987, in 2004 international adoptions had risen over 200% as compared to an 8% rise in domestic adoptions. After World War II, international adoptions began to rise because Americans began adopting European and Japanese war orphansRead MoreIndustry Prospects And Attractiveness : Amazon Prime Service Gaining Subscribers1636 Words   |  7 Pagesaccording to various reports, the chance of Prime customers willing to buy is almost twice as much as the regular customers. Prime subscribers will continue to grow as Amazon is investing heavily in streaming content to draw in more subscribers. Today trend has to be the Amazon PrimeNow. Retailers always have an online focus in order to maximize profit with the advantages of mobile technologies. Big online retailers like Amazon on the other hand are seeing the advantages of local pickup. The evolvingRead MoreHealthcare Becoming More Predictive Than Reactive, Healthcare Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagesup positions in the hospital. This report discusses two prominent trends emerging in the medical industry that could have considerable impacts on the Thomson group and its patients— consumers’ increased individual responsibility towards their health, and the rise in adoption of telehealth technologies. Consumers today are becoming more pro-active are assuming greater responsibility for the management of their own health. This trend is evident in the rise of â€Å"quantified self-tracking† – the regularRead MoreIntroduction Of Bim Into Nz s Construction Industry1546 Words   |  7 Pagespractical guidance to ensure the relevance of standard forms of contract are maintained and recommends the selection of suitable project delivery models. 2 3 4 5 6 7 â€Æ' Contents Executive Summery 1 Introduction 3 BIM adoption and implementation in NZ 4 Comparison of NZ BIM adoption to other countries 8 Conclusions for the future of BIM in NZ construction industry 11 References 12 Introduction The introduction of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and tools into the constructionRead MoreIfrs Of The Us And The World : Political And Economic Forces Shape Accounting1542 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial reporting standards. The integration is driven by the reductions in the costs of information processing and communication. International Financial Reporting Standards are a common business affair language in the globe for easier comprehension and comparison of company accounts across international boundaries (AICPA). The standards are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. The IASB is a United Kingdom body that was established in 2001 and is based in London. The historicalRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Framing Csr Within A System Of Global Ethics1470 Words   |  6 Pagesarguably how the role of international corporations will fit into the process of addressing many of the planet’s most pressing issues over the coming generations. The globa lization trend has led to the ability for international corporations to influence the international relations of nations on a scale never before imagined. For example, if Walmart were a country it would rank 28th in the world in GDP compared to other nations. Furthermore, Walmart isn’t alone in its international influence and thereRead MoreEssay on Designer Apparel Market in Australia1193 Words   |  5 PagesIn 2008 the market size in millions was approximately $1,673.0 as compared to 2013, where it increased up to $2,063.2 as shown in the graph. By 2018, the market is expected to reach up to $2,411.1 million. (Euromonitor International, 2014a) According to Euromonitor International (2014a), the brand leaders in regards to brand shares (2012) are: †¢ Ralph Lauren in number one position with 7.5% of brand shares †¢ Then Berlei (Company: Pacific Brands Ltd) with 5.2% †¢ Donna Karan (Company: Moet Hennessy

Alternative Gender Roles Among Various Cultures - 850 Words

Alternative Gender Roles In this paper, I will discuss the Alternative Gender Roles among various cultures. I will discuss how the gender role between men and women are both different with each culture group. I will reflect how important the men role play within the family and how the women role is just the opposite. Even though, men role is what keeps the family functioning and together. In today s society women and men both have important roles when providing for the family. Both gender roles are so important to the family to keep a close bond. The men role is to provide for the family, hunt for food and protect the family. The women role is to take care of the children, clean the house and prepare the meals. â€Å"In spite of differences in how gender roles may be structured, there is a pattern to differences in roles that are commonly assigned to women and men† (Crapo, 2013). A cross-cultural study by Murdock and Provost (1973) revealed that throughout the world, males ar e almost always responsible for hunting large land and sea animals and game birds, and for trapping smaller animals† (Crapo, 2013). They are usually expected to fish, to herd large animals, to collect wild honey, and to clear the land and prepare it for planting. â€Å"Women are usually involved in gathering wild plant foods. Other food production activities, such as collecting shellfish; caring for small animals; milking animals; and planting, tending, and harvesting crops, are not consistentlyShow MoreRelatedFactors Influencing The Buying Decision Process1269 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is the role of emotions in the Buying Decision Process. What are the other major influences on consumer behavior? Describe them. 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This aims to show how a teacher can combat or prevent those stereotypes through her thoughtful, carefulRead MoreChapter 3 Managing in a Global Environment Essay1358 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic, International, Multinational, and Global * Two major alternatives for engaging in the international arena are to seek cheaper resources via outsourcing and to develop markets outside the home country * Global outsourcing- Sometime called offshoring, mean engaging in the international division of labor so as to obtain the cheapest sources of labor and supplies, regardless of country * Market entry strategies- are various tactics managers use to enter foreign markets * Exporting-Read MoreThe Effects Of Media On Gay Male Body Image1209 Words   |  5 Pagesof Media on Gay Male Body Image. Clinical Social Work Journal, 44(1), 105-113. The existing studies have indicated the gay male adults are more likely to develop body image dissatisfaction than other male populations due to variety of social and culture elements—particularly in media. Lanzieri and Hildebrand argued that gay media sources had produced the ideal male physique that negatively impact on its audiences. They had conducted a research to study the impact between media imageries and its audience’sRead MoreInequalities Has Been Around For Many Years; From Slaves,1018 Words   |  5 Pagesmovement was able to transform the role of the traditional woman. Woman were just thought as stay at home mom, who would just take care of their kids, cook, and clean. Once the feminist movement started to gain momentum and cause woman to believe they could be a mother and also have a steady career. In the book, Women’s Voices Feminist Visions: Classic and Contemporary Readings by Susan M. Shaw and Janet Lee, state that women’s and gender studies â€Å"is an interdisciplinaryRead MoreWomen s Social Issues And Concerns1292 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships. Poverty is the root of almost all America’s social issues and concerns. It is prominent to the factors of education, social development, and the economic well beings as adults. Poverty contributes to the inequalities of race, language, culture and place in the United States. Studies shows that over 43 million people in the United States have lived with incomes below the poverty level. It represents 14.3 percent of the U.S. population and it known as the highest rate since 1994. More thanRead MorePurnell Model For Cultural Competence1026 Words   |  5 Pageseducation and practice. In 1989, when he took nursing students to a community hospital that was not accustomed to having students. Soon after the clinical experience began, it was obvious that the students and staff need additional knowledge concerning culture. 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This article gives us an insight on the different factors that play a role when selecting a mate. It states how Prince William chose Catherine Middleton who even though was not from a royal family, because they went to the same university where they dated for a long time, he chose to marry her and she went on to become the first Queen with a university degree, showing that their union was of equals. We readRead MoreEssay about Eating Disorders: A Feminist Issue1575 Words   |  7 Pageshave the same understanding of eating disorders. There are many different theories that are prevalent in feminist literature today. This web page will explore some of the different feminist perspectives about the cause of eating disorders in our culture. Power Control and obedience In her book Unbearable Weight, Susan Bordo (1993) makes the argument that the fear of womens fat is actually a fear of womens power. Thus, as women gain power in society, their bodies dwindle and suffer. She

The Corporate Social Responsibilities ( Csr ) And...

Presentation Deliberating with the rules given in the inquiries, the entire task worries about the Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) and maintainability. As it is specified in the inquiries we ll be discussing the CSR and maintainability. The goals of each business while building up are to make the financial conditions more grounded and to last nature for future era. Performing amid its normal exercises, it is having negative effect in nature. In the event that these sorts of exercises are not lessened then it will keep on effecting the earth. CSR worries about the obligations of the corporates towards the general public. Manageability is indispensable to how the corporate work together, and they keep on taking a stab at creative†¦show more content†¦So the partnership officials are capable of the general public not the entire business. The Corporate Executive drove the business. They have the principle obligations towards their managers to make the most benefit by performing best exercises for the business. Then the Corporate Executive, as a man may have his own social obligation, which implies he doesn t generally need to take after of his proprietors. On the off chance that the corporative official s moral qualities are not quite the same as the business, he may consider his own advantage as opposed to for the business. Along these lines, the stockholders, clients, or representatives ought to have the capacity to pick how they wish to spend their cash in the business. It is then seen that the corporate official is going about as an open worker, as opposed to an operators of the partnership. This can prompt a loss of both clients and workers if the corporate official s activities diminish corporate benefit and the cost of its stock. Friedman accepts, in a free society, there is one and one and only social obligation of business—to utilize its assets and take part in exercises intended to expand its benefits insofar as it stays inside of the diversion s standards, which is to say, participate

Alice Munros Boys and Girls Essay Example For Students

Alice Munros Boys and Girls Essay Alice Munros Boys and GirlsAlice Munros short story, Boys and Girls, has a very interestingdetail written into it. The narrators brother is named Laird, which wascarefully chosen by the author. Laird is a synonym for lord, which plays aimportant role in a story where a young girl has societys unwritten rulesforced upon her. At the time of the story, society did not consider men andwomen equal.The name symbolized how the male child was superior in theparents eyes and in general.Along with that, the name also symbolizes thedifference between the sexes when this story took place. We will write a custom essay on Alice Munros Boys and Girls specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The time when this story took place was a time when men and women werenot equal. Mothers had traditional roles, which usually left them in the house,while men also had their roles, outside of the house. The male was the dominantfigure in the house, while the woman had to be subservient. It was an off thing to see my mother down at the barn. She did notoften come out of the house unless it was to do something hang out the wash ordig potatoes in the garden. She looked out of place, with her bare lumpy legs,not touched by the sun, her apron still on and damp across the stomach from thesupper dishes.1The narrator had problems coming to terms with the role in life that shewas expected to lead. She wanted to work outside with her father doing the workthat she deemed important. The mother tried to get the narrator to work insidedoing work deemed appropriate for a lady, however it was not something sheenjoyed. I hated the hot dark kitchen in the summer (p. 530).The narratorwas not considered of any consequential help to her father, simply because shewas female. Could of fooled me, said the salesman. I thought it was only a girl(p. 529). Even though the narrator could do more work than her younger brother,she was still under appreciated.Wait till Laird gets a little bigger, thenyoull have a real help (p. 530).Laird, on the other hand, was able to goout and do the things that he enjoyed. When Flora, the familys horse, runsaway Laird is invited to join the father and his assistant to re-capture thehorse, while the narrator must stay at home. When the narrator is reminiscing of the past, she recalls a time whenshe lured Laird up to the top of the barn. The whole purpose of this idea wasto get Laird in trouble. However, when her parents come and remove Laird fromdanger, they are actually mad at her, instead of Laird.This shows how theparents were more concerned with their son and that he could do no wrong. Thisreflects societys notion at the time, how men were always right. My father came, my mother came, my father went up the ladder talkingvery quietly and brought Laird down under his arm, at which my mother leanedagainst the ladder and began to cry. They said to me, Why werent you watchinghim? (p. 534)The grandmother is the best example of how women were thought of at thetime. She is from a time when there were even stricter rules of conduct forgirls. The narrators parents are more lackadaisical than the grandmother and alot less out-spoken. She voices what was taught to her when she was a child. At the time of the story, girls were expected to be dainty and quaint, while aman was expected to be the rough and tumble one. .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d , .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d .postImageUrl , .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d , .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d:hover , .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d:visited , .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d:active { border:0!important; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d:active , .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud202743cd1e435cf77be7763e728e12d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Unexpected Gift EssayGirls dont slam doors like that. Girls keep their knees together when theysit down. And worse still, when I asked some questions, Thats none of girlsbusiness. I continued to slam the doors and sit as awkwardly as possible,thinking that by such measures I kept myself free. (p. 532)The narrator, however, did not keep her self free. Eventually, she began tochange and to become a stereotypical female. She began to conform to societysideas about women. Near the end of the story, Laird starts to realize his sex-determinedsuperiority. He explains to his father and mother how Flora escaped from theyard and also starts listening to his father almost exclusively. We shot old Flora, he said, and cut her up in fifty pieces. Well I dontwant to hear about it, my mother said. And dont come to my table like that.My father made him go and wash the blood off. (p. 536)Laird washes the blood off only after his father tells him to do so. This showsthe dominance of males in the society of the time. Laird may field his motherscomplains, but only does something about it once his father tells him to do so. This shows how his father is the authority figure, that his mother secondary tohis father. Even the daughter thinks lowly of the mother in comparison to thefather. It showed how little my mother knew about the way things really were(p. 531). Boys and Girls takes place at a time where there is no such thing asequality between the sexes. Men in this society are the dominant, authoritarianheads of the house-hold whose work is done outside the home. Women are expectedto look after the men and their work is done in the home. The narrator in Boysand Girls slowly becomes accustom with her role in society. The narrator andher brother symbolize the roles of males and females in that society. Thenarrator is forced into doing jobs that she doesnt enjoy doing, namely thatassociated with womens work at the time. Laird is allowed to do what hepleases. Laird is the lord, as a male he is deemed as the more important of thetwo, simply because of his sex, while the narrator cast into her womanly role,being of secondary importance. Bibliography1 Munro, Alice, Boys and Girls, Introduction to literature, eds. GillianThomas et al, third ed. (Toronto: Hardcourt Brace, 1995), p. 528 All subsequentreferences will be from this edition and will be cited in the text. Category: English

Bpr at Ford Motor Company, India Essay Example

Bpr at Ford Motor Company, India Paper CHALLENGE: need for business process reengineering in Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company is the world’s second largest manufacturer of cars and trucks with products sold in more than 200 markets. The company employs nearly 400,000 people worldwide, and has grown to offer consumers eight of the world’s most recognizable automotive brands. CHALLENGE With inherent large-scale growth issues, more demanding customers, and mounting cost pressures, Ford needed to transform from a linear, top-down bureaucratic business model to an Internet ready, nimble organization that engages and integrates customers, suppliers, and employees. SOLUTION Working with Cisco, Ford integrated and leveraged their supplier base by designing Covisint, an end-to-end infrastructure that enables an online, centralized marketplace connecting the automotive industry supply chain. Ford also enhanced the customer buying experience through redesigned and more user friendly Web sites. RESULTS Ford is enjoying an increase in customer satisfaction, sees huge revenue opportunities for developing and retaining loyal product advocates, and has taken both complexity and cost out of the supply chain. BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING Business process reengineering (BPR) is a management approach aiming at improvements by means of elevating efficiency and effectiveness of the processes that exist within and across organizations. The key to BPR is for organizations to look at their business processes from a clean slate perspective and determine how they can best construct these processes to improve how they conduct business. Michael Hammer, the management expert who initiated the reengineering movement, defines reengineering as â€Å"the fundamental rethinking and redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. It uses many of the tools just discussed to achieve these goals. It is a redesign and reorganization of business activities that results from questioning the status quo. It seeks to fulfill specific objectives and can lead to breakthrough improvement. We will write a custom essay sample on Bpr at Ford Motor Company, India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bpr at Ford Motor Company, India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bpr at Ford Motor Company, India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is often associated with significant cultural and technological changes. Methodology of reengineering 1. Envision new processes 1. Secure management support 2. Identify reengineering opportunities 3. Identify enabling technologies 4. Align with corporate strategy 2. Initiating change 1. Set up reengineering team 2. Outline performance goals 3. Process diagnosis 1. Describe existing processes 2. Uncover pathologies in existing processes 4. Process redesign 1. Develop alternative process scenarios 2. Develop new process design 3. Design HR architecture . Select IT platform 5. Develop overall blueprint and gather feedback 5. Reconstruction 1. Develop/install IT solution 2. Establish process changes 6. Process monitoring 1. Performance measurement, including time, quality, cost, IT performance 2. Link to continuous improvement In the early 1980s, when the American automotive industry was in a depression, Ford’s top management put accounts payable- along with many other departme nts- under the microscope in search of ways to cut costs. Accounts payable in North America alone employed more than 500 people. Ford was enthusiastic about its plan to tighten accounts payable- until it looked at Mazda. While Ford was aspiring to a 400-person department, Mazda’s accounts payable organization consisted of a total of 5 people. The difference in absolute numbers was astounding, and even after adjusting for Mazda’s smaller size, Ford figured that its accounts payable organization was five times the size it should be. The Ford team knew better than to attribute the discrepancy to calisthenics, company songs, or low interest rates. THE EXISTING SYSTEM First, managers analyzed the existing system. When Ford’s purchasing department wrote a purchasers order, it sent a copy of the receiving document to accounts payable. Meanwhile, the vendor sent an invoice to accounts payable. It was up to accounts payable, then, to match the purchase order against the receiving document and the invoice. If they matched, the department issued payment. The department spent most of its time on mismatches, instances where the purchase order, receiving document, and invoice disagreed. In these cases, an accounts payable clerk would investigate the discrepancy, hold up payment, generate document, and all in gum up the works. THE PROCESS FLOW CHART It was slow and cumbersome. More than 500 accounts payable clerks matched purchase orders, receiving documents and invoices and then issued payment. Mismatches were common. SYSTEM DRAWBACKS: The drawback in this system was that ford’s accounts payable organization was performed by so many people. The department spent most of its time on mismatches, instances where the purchase order, receiving document, and invoice disagreed. In these cases, an accounts payable clerk would investigate the discrepancy, hold up payment, generate document, and all in gum up the works. Its process was not efficient. SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENT The management thought that by rationalizing processes and installing new computer systems, it could reduce the head counts. One way to improve things might have been to help the accounts payable clerk investigate more efficiently, but a better choice was to prevent the mismatches in the first place. To this end, Ford instituted â€Å"invoiceless processing. † Now when the purchasing department initiates an order, it enters the information into an on-line database. It doesn’t send a copy of the purchase order to anyone. When the goods arrive at the receiving dock, the receiving clerk checks the database to see if they correspond to an outstanding purchase order. If so, he or she accepts them and enters the transaction into the computer system. (If receiving can’t find a database entry for the received goods, it simply returns the order. ) Under the old procedures, the accounting department had to match 14 data items between the receipt record, the purchase order, and the invoice before it could issue payment to the vendor. The new approach requires matching only three items- part number, unit of measure, and supplier code- between the purchase order and the receipt record. The matching is done automatically, and the computer prepares the check, which accounts payable sends to the vendor. There are no invoices to worry about since Ford has asked its vendors not to send them. Ford dint settle for the modest increases it first envisioned. It opted for radical change- and achieved improvement. FORD REENGINEERED THE PROCESS. NOW ITS FAST AND EFFICIENT The new process cuts head count in accounts payable by 75%, eliminates invoices and improves accuracy. Matching is computerized. CONCLUSION: Ford discovered that reengineering only the accounts payable department was futile. The appropriate focus of the effort was what might be called the goods acquisition process, which included purchasing and receiving as well as accounts payable. When Ford reengineering its payables, receiving clerks on the dock had to learn to use computer terminals to check shipments, and they had to make decisions about whether to accept the goods. Purchasing agents also had to assume new responsibilities-like making sure the purchase orders they entered into the databases had the correct information about where to send the check. Attitudes towards vendors also had to change: vendors could no longer be seen as adversaries; they had to become partners in a shared business process. Vendors too had to adjust. In many cases, invoices formed the basis of their accounting systems. At one ford supplier adapted by continuing to print invoices, but instead of sending them to Ford threw them away, reconciling cash received against invoices never sent.

Essay Sample on #8220;A Brief History of Zen#8221;

Essay Sample on #8220;A Brief History of Zen#8221; Zen (or â€Å"chan† in China and â€Å"dhyan† in India) is trendy now. It is seen in shops, magazines, songs, literature, meditation centers, and many other places. However, the real Zen, the one of history, has a long tradition. Zen is a type of Buddhism that started in India and traveled to China, across Asia, and ultimately became a global phenomenon. Its secular nature and simplicity has made it more accessible to the masses than many other spiritual practices. In this essay, the eras of Zen will be looked into: Proto-Chan, Early Chan, Middle Chan, Song-Dynasty Chan, Post-Classical Chan, and the Modern Era. Proto-Chan (c. 500-600) The beginning of Zen stems from the teachings of Bodhidharma, who was an Indian Buddhist monk. However, there is not much reliable historical evidence of his life, and mostly legends are relied upon. What is known is that Bodhidharma taught â€Å"dhyan,† or the quieting of the mind to reach a state of thoughtless awareness. Bodhidharma traveled to China on orders from his teacher, and his brand of Buddhism spread throughout northern China. Carrying the torch of Zen in China after Bodhidharma’s passing was Dazu Huike. He is considered the Second Patriarch of Chinese Chan (McRae, John R.). Early Chan (618–750) This period is famous for the founding of the first Chan institution in Chinese history by the fifth patriarch Daman Hongren and his student Yuquan Shenxiu. Also, this era featured a debate between the ideas of sudden or gradual enlightenment. The sixth patriarch, Dajian Huineng, focused on spontaneous nirvana. These differences in approaches formed various sects of Zen (Ray, Gary L.). Middle Chan (c. 750–1000) Many new schools of Zen developed during this period. The Hongzhou school of Mazu Daoyi came about, and concentrated on insight, the lack of positive statements, and on questions and answers between a master and student. Ultimately, this school promoted the idea that there is no real difference between ignorance and enlightenment, or the Buddha and an ordinary person. But later in this period, new traditions cropped up that became known as the Five Houses of Chan: the Codà ²ng school (Soto in Japan), the Là ­njà ¬ school (Rinzai in Japan), the Guiyang school (IgyÃ…  in Japan), the Fayan school, and the Yunmen school. Each school promoted varied teachings based on a certain master. A lot of the hallmarks of Zen were developed during this time, such as dialogues between masters and students, the drawing of circles, shouting, hitting, and other methods to prompt enlightenment (McRae, John R.). In addition, two important occurrences took place in Middle Chan. The Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall was created, and there was The Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution in 845. This had a strong detrimental effect on the propagation of Zen, but the Hongzhou school stayed intact (Takeuchi, Yoshinori, and Jan Van Bragt). Song-Dynasty Chan (c. 950–1300) You can say that Zen, or Chan, flowered in this period. Chan became the most popular Buddhist sect in China and made strong ties with the imperial government. Through the support of the government, the Linji school began to be the most renowned form of Chan. Also, the Linji school absorbed the other schools of Zen, except the Caodong school. These two schools did their best to win the favor of the imperial government (Wang, Youru). Furthermore, Chan started to embrace teachings from Pure Land Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. This integration had effects on the aforementioned religions as well, as Zen started to influence them. Also, classic koan collections were written during the Song Dynasty, and Zen took hold in Japan and Korea (Wang, Youru). Post-Classical Chan (1368–1912) Chan became so widespread that about every monk in China was either from the Linji school or the Caodong school. However, as time went on, the syncretism of Zen and Pure Land Buddhism increased, with most temples practicing both. This prompted some people like Yunqi Zhuhong (1535-1615) and Daguan Zhenke (1543-1603) to carve out the distinction between Zen and other types of Buddhism through the study of scriptures and writing new texts. In addition, transitioning from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, monks focused on reviving the practices of shouting and beating to prompt enlightenment and published influential works on the transmission of knowledge across all the schools of Zen (Wang, Youru). Modern Era Though there was a decline in the popularity of Zen in the Qing Dynasty, the 19th and 20th centuries saw a fresh revival of the practice. Chan started to take on social issues like poverty and injustice, and even got involved in politics. Modern scholarship coupled with science was encouraged, and a deep study of the history of Zen began. It was also at this time that Zen reached the West, and despite it being repressed in the 1960s in China, it flourished in America and other major western nations. In the 1970s, China once again embraced Zen, and throughout the decades since, it has only grown in popularity as a practice, media phenomenon, and way of life (Wang, Youru). In summary, Zen began from the teachings of a Buddhist monk from India named Bodhidharma. He spread his teachings around China, and he was succeeded by several capable disciples. Through hundreds of years of tradition, Zen has become a mainstay sect of Buddhism through the nature of its mainly secular teachings, its connection with the Chinese imperial court, and its many revivals through literature and opening of new schools. Once Zen became the main spiritual practice of China during the Ming Dynasty, its influence was strongly felt in other religions and in political power. Chan also proved popular not only in Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries, but also in America and many other western countries. Now Zen is so popular that it is difficult to separate the practice from the cultural phenomenon. McRae, John R. Seeing through Zen: Encounter, Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan Buddhism. University of California Press, 2005. Ray, Gary L. The Northern Chan School And Sudden Versus Gradual Enlightenment Debates In China And Tibet, Institute Of Buddhist Studies Berkeley. Takeuchi, Yoshinori, and Jan Van Bragt. Buddhist Spirituality: Indian, Southeast Asian, Tibetan, Early Chinese. Crossroad, 1994. Wang, Youru. Historical Dictionary of Chan Buddhism. Rowman Littlefield, 2017.

Snowstorm Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Snowstorm Case Study - Essay Example Every airport should have safety as the priority when conducting its operations. An important first step to doing this is by ensuring that all equipment that is to be used in snow and ice control are calibrated properly, updated, and certified as required at all time. The supervisor, mechanics, and equipment operators should inspect equipment at all times to ensure that the airport is in a position to deal with a snowstorm (Zhang, Debendra,and Rorik, 13). The supervisor needs to ensure that the required automotive fluids, parts used for replacement, and equipment are inventoried and stocked as is required as a pre-emptive move towards preventing a crisis in the event of a snowstorm. It is important to ensure that personnel notification procedures are up to date at all times. The supervisor should, therefore, review the call-out procedures for personnel preceding winter. The supervisor can do this by overseeing the updating of the cell phone numbers and other contacts of personnel involved in snow and ice control. Weather forecasting is of utmost importance to an airport because it is invaluable when it comes to scheduling of flights and the snow crew. The supervisor should, therefore, ensure that the airport contracts aviation weather services so that it is prepared in case of a snowstorm. In addition to contracted forecasting services, the airport should make use of the local weather service forecast and the runway surface condition sensor system. Forecasting information from these avenues is useful in scheduling of on-duty and off-duty snow crew personnel. The forecasting information can also be used for preparation of necessary equipment in snow and ice control procedures and the restocking of anti-icing or deicing materials. One way to ensure that snow and ice do not accumulate and cause a nuisance in the airport is by sweeping or plowing accumulations of the runway. The

Internet Marketing and an Impact on Buying Behaviour of Teenagers Personal Statement

Internet Marketing and an Impact on Buying Behaviour of Teenagers - Personal Statement Example Page, K., & Uncles, M (2004) define Internet marketing as a marketing strategy adopted by many entrepreneurs to reach out their customers through the Internet with an organized plan and a smart marketing campaign. The author argues that the online market is growing at a rapid pace compared to the retail market so that anyone with the need to make money select Internet as his first choice. As per the statistics available, in the fourth quarter of 2005, US retail e-commerce sales totaled $26.5 billion with an increase of 27.5% just from the third quarter of 2005. At the same time, millions of people are exploring opportunities on the Internet that made the competition stiff in online marketing. The author put forward two things; an effective plan and aggressive marketing for success in Internet marketing. He has pointed out that a website without planning and the identification of the target market will definitely end in failure whereas in-depth planning will increase the chances of su ccess more. The author also argued that even amidst the stiff competition, the future of Internet marketing is bright (Hartman, J. B., Gehrt, K., & Watchravesringkan, K., 2004). Mick, D.G., & Fournier, S (1998) defines In... strategies he has pointed out other methods such as site optimization, linking, and indexing, implementing online marketing partnerships with high-profile online businesses, paid keyword advertising, etc. as the successful strategies for Internet marketing. Buying behaviors of the teenage community Lenhart, A., Rainie, L., & Lewis, O (2001) reflects on buying behaviors of the teenage community in terms of their attitude toward appearance. They argued that the marketers should make advertisements to target "jockettes" (young women who have active lifestyles) and "young metrosexuals"(young men focussed on their outward appearances) in order to convince the teen community. Gender and brands can influence the buying habits of teens according to the author. Park, C., & Jun, J.K (2003) summarizes buying behaviors of teenagers with respect to the cool looking technology and customizations of products are essential for attracting teen customers. Personalization, style, and functionality are the major features of a product which influence the teen community. Impact of Internet marketing on buying behavior of teenagers The online purchasing behavior of teens for goods like books, apparels, dining, music, practices is around half of the teenage consumers that has risen significantly from the 31 percent of statistical from the result December 2000 (Park, C., & Jun, J.K., 2003). Teens are the major segment of Internet visitors. This is not easy to convince the teen community with conventional methods of marketing. A business plan and marketing strategies are essential for canvassing the teen community through Internet marketing.  

Fault Tree Analysis

Fault Tree Analysis Fault Tree Analysis Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a failure analysis in which an undesired state of a system is analyzed using boolean logic to combine a series of lower-level events. This analysis method is mainly used in the field of safety engineering to quantitatively determine the probability of a safety hazard. An Overview of Basic Concepts This quick subject guide provides an overview of the basic concepts in Fault Tree Analysis (FTA, system analysis) as it applies to system reliability and a directory of some other resources on the subject. History of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is another technique for reliability and safety analysis. Bell Telephone Laboratories developed the concept in 1962 for the U.S. Air Force for use with the Minuteman system. It was later adopted and extensively applied by the Boeing Company. Fault tree analysis is one of many symbolic analytical logic techniques found in operations research and in system reliability. Other techniques include Reliability Block Diagrams (RBDs). Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) was originally developed in 1962 at Bell Laboratories by H.A. Watson, under a U.S. Air Force Ballistics Systems Division contract to evaluate the Minuteman I Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Launch Control System. Following the first published use of FTA in the 1962 Minuteman I Launch Control Safety Study, Boeing and AVCO expanded use of FTA to the entire Minuteman II system in 1963-1964. FTA received extensive coverage at a 1965 System Safety Symposium in Seattle sponsored by Boeing and the University of Washington. Boeing began using FTA for civil aircraft design around 1966. In 1970, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) published a change to 14 CFR 25.1309 airworthiness regulations for transport aircraft in the Federal Register at 35 FR 5665 (1970-04-08). This change adopted failure probability criteria for aircraft systems and equipment and led to widespread use of FTA in civil aviation. Within the nuclear power industry, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission began using probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods including FTA in 1975, and significantly expanded PRA research following the 1979 incident at Three Mile Island. This eventually led to the 1981 publication of the NRC Fault Tree Handbook NUREG-0492, and mandatory use of PRA under the NRCs regulatory authority. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) attempts to model and analyze failure processes of engineering and biological systems. FTA is basically composed of logic diagrams that display the state of the system and is constructed using graphical design techniques. Originally, engineers were responsible for the development of Fault Tree Analysis, as a deep knowledge of the system under analysis is required. Often, FTA is defined as another part, or technique, of reliability engineering. Although both model the same major aspect, they have arisen from two different perspectives. Reliability engineering was, for the most part, developed by mathematicians, while FTA, as stated above, was developed by engineers. Fault Tree Analysis usually involves events from hardware wear out, material failure or malfunctions or combinations of deterministic contributions to the event stemming from assigning a hardware/system failure rate to branches or cut sets. Typically failure rates are carefully derived from substantiated historical data such as mean time between failure of the components, unit, subsystem or function. Predictor data may be assigned. Assigning a software failure rate is elusive and not possible. Since software is a vital contributor and inclusive of the system operation it is assumed the software will function normally as intended. There is no such thing as a software fault tree unless considered in the system context. Software is an instruction set to the hardware or overall system for correct operation. Since basic software events do not fail in the physical sense, attempting to predict manifestation of software faults or coding errors with any reliability or accuracy is impossible, unless assumptions are made. Predicting and assigning human error rates is not the primary intent of a fault tree analysis, but may be attempted to gain some knowledge of what happens with improper human input or intervention at the wrong time. FTA can be used as a valuable design tool, can identify potential accidents, and can eliminate costly design changes. It can also be used as a diagnostic tool, predicting the most likely system failure in a system breakdown. FTA is used in safety engineering and in all major fields of engineering. More on Fault Tree Diagram (FTD) Fault tree diagrams (or negative analytical trees) are logic block diagrams that display the state of a system (top event) in terms of the states of its components (basic events). Like reliability block diagrams (RBDs), fault tree diagrams are also a graphical design technique, and as such provide an alternative to methodology to RBDs. An FTD is built top-down and in term of events rather than blocks. It uses a graphic model of the pathways within a system that can lead to a foreseeable, undesirable loss event (or a failure). The pathways interconnect contributory events and conditions, using standard logic symbols (AND, OR etc). The basic constructs in a fault tree diagram are gates and events, where the events have an identical meaning as a block in an RBD and the gates are the conditions. Fault Trees and Reliability Block Diagrams The most fundamental difference between FTDs and RBDs is that in an RBD one is working in the success space, and thus looks at system successes combinations, while in a fault tree one works in the failure space and looks at system failure combinations. Traditionally, fault trees have been used to access fixed probabilities (i.e. each event that comprises the tree has a fixed probability of occurring) while RBDs may have included time-varying distributions for the success (reliability equation) and other properties, such as repair/restoration distributions. Drawing Fault Trees: Gates and Events Fault trees are built using gates and events (blocks). The two most commonly used gates in a fault tree are the AND and OR gates. As an example, consider two events (or blocks) comprising a Top Event (or a system). If occurrence of either event causes the top event to occur, then these events (blocks) are connected using an OR gate. Alternatively, if both events need to occur to cause the top event to occur, they are connected by an AND gate. As a visualization example, consider the simple case of a system comprised of two components, A and B, and where a failure of either component causes system failure. The system RBD is made up of two blocks in series (see RBD configurations), as shown next: The fault tree diagram for this system includes two basic events connected to an OR gate (which is the Top Event). For the Top Event to occur, either A or B must happen. In other words, failure of A OR B causes the system to fail. Relationships Between Fault Trees and RBDs In general (and with some specific exceptions), a fault tree can be easily converted to an RBD. However, it is generally more difficult to convert an RBD into a fault tree, especially if one allows for highly complex configurations. The following table shows gate symbols commonly used in fault tree diagrams and describes their relationship to an RBD. (The term Classic Fault Tree refers to the definitions as used in the Fault Tree Handbook (NUREG-0492) by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). Methodology FTA methodology is described in several industry and government standards, including NRC NUREG-0492 for the nuclear power industry, an aerospace-oriented revision to NUREG-0492 for use by NASA, SAE ARP4761 for civil aerospace, MIL-HDBK-338 for military systemsfor military systems. IEC standard IEC61025 is intended for cross-industry use and has been adopted as European Norme EN61025. Since no system is perfect, dealing with a subsystem fault is a necessity, and any working system eventually will have a fault in some place. However, the probability for a complete or partial success is greater than the probability of a complete failure or partial failure. Assembling a FTA is thus not as tedious as assembling a success tree which can turn out to be very time consuming. Because assembling a FTA can be a costly and cumbersome experience, the perfect method is to consider subsystems. In this way dealing with smaller systems can assure less error work probability, less system analysis. Afterward, the subsystems integrate to form the well analyzed big system. An undesired effect is taken as the root (top event) of a tree of logic. There should be only one Top Event and all concerns must tree down from it. Then, each situation that could cause that effect is added to the tree as a series of logic expressions. When fault trees are labeled with actual numbers about failure probabilities (which are often in practice unavailable because of the expense of testing), computer programs can calculate failure probabilities from fault trees. The Tree is usually written out using conventional logic gate symbols. The route through a tree between an event and an initiator in the tree is called a Cut Set. The shortest credible way through the tree from fault to initiating event is called a Minimal Cut Set. Some industries use both Fault Trees and Event Trees. An Event Tree starts from an undesired initiator (loss of critical supply, component failure etc.) and follows possible further system events through to a series of final consequences. As each new event is considered, a new node on the tree is added with a split of probabilities of taking either branch. The probabilities of a range of top events arising from the initial event can then be seen. Classic programs include the Electric Power Research Institutes (EPRI) CAFTA software, which is used by many of the US nuclear power plants and by a majority of US and international aerospace manufacturers, and the Idaho National Laboratorys SAPHIRE, which is used by the U.S. Government to evaluate the safety and reliability of nuclear reactors, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station. Outside the US, the software RiskSpectrum is a popular tool for Fault Tree and Event Tree analysis and is licensed for use at almost half of the worlds nuclear power plants for Probabilistic Safety Assessment. Analysis Many different approaches can be used to model a FTA, but the most common and popular way can be summarized in a few steps. Remember that a fault tree is used to analyze a single fault event, and that one and only one event can be analyzed during a single fault tree. Even though the fault may vary dramatically, a FTA follows the same procedure for an event, be it a delay of 0.25 msec for the generation of electrical power, or the random, unintended launch of an ICBM. FTA analysis involves five steps: Define the undesired event to study Definition of the undesired event can be very hard to catch, although some of the events are very easy and obvious to observe. An engineer with a wide knowledge of the design of the system or a system analyst with an engineering background is the best person who can help define and number the undesired events. Undesired events are used then to make the FTA, one event for one FTA; no two events will be used to make one FTA. Obtain an understanding of the system Once the undesired event is selected, all causes with probabilities of affecting the undesired event of 0 or more are studied and analyzed. Getting exact numbers for the probabilities leading to the event is usually impossible for the reason that it may be very costly and time consuming to do so. Computer software is used to study probabilities; this may lead to less costly system analysis. System analysts can help with understanding the overall system. System designers have full knowledge of the system and this knowledge is very important for not missing any cause affecting the undesired event. For the selected event all causes are then numbered and sequenced in the order of occurrence and then are used for the next step which is drawing or constructing the fault tree. Construct the fault tree After selecting the undesired event and having analyzed the system so that we know all the causing effects (and if possible their probabilities) we can now construct the fault tree. Fault tree is based on AND and OR gates which define the major characteristics of the fault tree. Evaluate the fault tree After the fault tree has been assembled for a specific undesired event, it is evaluated and analyzed for any possible improvement or in other words study the risk management and find ways for system improvement. This step is as an introduction for the final step which will be to control the hazards identified. In short, in this step we identify all possible hazards affecting in a direct or indirect way the system. Control the hazards identified This step is very specific and differs largely from one system to another, but the main point will always be that after identifying the hazards all possible methods are pursued to decrease the probability of occurrence. Comparison With Other Analytical Methods FTA is a deductive, top-down method aimed at analyzing the effects of initiating faults and events on a complex system. This contrasts with Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), which is an inductive, bottom-up analysis method aimed at analyzing the effects of single component or function failures on equipment or subysystems. FTA is very good at showing how resistant a system is to single or multiple initiating faults. It is not good at finding all possible initiating faults. FMEA is good at exhaustively cataloging initiating faults, and identifying their local effects. It is not good at examining multiple failures or their effects at a system level. FTA considers external events, FMEA does not. In civil aerospace the usual practice is to perform both FTA and FMEA, with a Failure Mode Effects Summary (FMES) as the interface between FMEA and FTA. Alternatives to FTA include Dependence Diagram (DD), also known as Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) and Markov Analysis. A Dependence Diagram is equivalent to a Success Tree Analysis (STA), the logical inverse of an FTA, and depicts the system using paths instead of gates. DD and STA produce probability of success (i.e., avoiding a top event) rather than probability of a top event. References Ericson, Clifton (1999). Fault Tree Analysis A History (pdf). Proceedings of the 17th International Systems Safety Conference. http://www.fault-tree.net/papers/ericson-fta-history.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-17. Rechard, Robert P. (1999). Historical Relationship Between Performance Assessment for Radioactive Waste Disposal and Other Types of Risk Assessment in the United States (pdf). Risk Analysis (Springer Netherlands) 19 (5): 763-807. doi:10.1023/A:1007058325258. SAND99-1147J. http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/759847-JsFRIG/webviewable/. Retrieved 2010-01-22. Winter, Mathias (1995). Software Fault Tree Analysis of an Automated Control System Device Written in ADA (pdf). Masters Thesis (Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School). ADA303377. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA303377. Retrieved 2010-01-17. Benner, Ludwig (1975). Accident Theory and Accident Investigation. Proceedings of the Society of Air Safety Investigators Annual Seminar. http://www.iprr.org/papers/75iasiatheory.html. Retrieved 2010-01-17. DeLong, Thomas (1970). A Fault Tree Manual (pdf). Masters Thesis (Texas AM University). AD739001. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD739001Location=U2doc=GetTRDoc.pdf. Retrieved 2010-03-09. Eckberg, C. R. (1964). Fault Tree Analysis Program Plan. Seattle, WA: The Boeing Company. D2-30207-1. http://www.dtic.mil/srch/doc?collection=t3id=AD0299561. Retrieved 2010-01-17. Begley, T. F.; Cummings (1968). Fault Tree for Safety. RAC. ADD874448. http://www.dtic.mil/srch/doc?collection=t3id=ADD874448. Retrieved 2010-01-17. Hixenbaugh, A. F. (1968). Fault Tree for Safety. Seattle, WA: The Boeing Company. D6-53604. http://www.dtic.mil/srch/doc?collection=t3id=AD0847015. Retrieved 2010-01-17. Acharya, Sarbes; et. al. (1990) (pdf). Severe Accident Risks: An Assessment for Five U.S. Nuclear Power Plants. Wasthington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NUREG-1150. http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/staff/sr1150/v1/sr1150v1-intro-and-part-1.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-17. Vesely, W. E.; et. al. (1981) (pdf). Fault Tree Handbook. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. NUREG-0492. http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/staff/sr0492/sr0492.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-17. Vesely, William; et. al. (2002) (pdf). Fault Tree Handbook with Aerospace Applications. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/codeq/doctree/fthb.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-17. 7.9 Fault Tree Analysis (pdf). Electronic Reliability Design Handbook. B. U.S. Department of Defense. 1998. MIL-HDBK-338B. http://www.everyspec.com/MIL-HDBK/MIL-HDBK+(0300+-+0499)/download.php?spec=MIL-HDBK-338B.015041.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-17. Fault Tree Analysis. Edition 2.0. International Electrotechnical Commission. 2006. IEC61025. ISBN2-8318-8918-9. Long, Allen (pdf), Beauty the Beast Use and Abuse of Fault Tree as a Tool, fault-tree.net, http://www.fault-tree.net/papers/long-beauty-and-beast.pdf, retrieved 16 January 2010.

The Characters of Maria and Oscie in Ann Rinaldis In My Fathers House :: Ann Rinaldi In My Fathers House

The Characters of Maria and Oscie in Ann Rinaldi's In My Fathers House   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book In My Fathers House, written by Ann Rinaldi, there are two main characters whose names are Maria and Oscie. These two girls are sisters that live in a house that is being divided by the civil war. Their stepfather (Will McLean) is from the north and is known as a Yankee in the south. Most southerners disagree with his beliefs on slavery, but nevertheless, he is still a respected town leader on the school board and is head of the volunteer fire department. Maria, fifteen and more a southern belle, tries to get along with people and stays out of trouble with Will. Oscie, who is a year younger, often tries to get the better part of Will.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oscie and Maria vary in many obvious ways. One of these ways is that Oscie is more independent and can be more self sustained. Maria on the other hand is a southern belle who is heavily dependent on her family for all sorts of different needs. Maria is able to accept reality more than Oscie, is more mature and can handle being beaten in an argument, but Oscie can not accept losing and is always trying to best people around her and herself. An example of this is how Oscie is always arguing with Will. She even asked her tutor, â€Å"will you teach me to best Will McLean?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Maria and Oscie are very different they do have a few things in common. They both have an odd attraction to military men. This is shown in their choice of guys. They also both share the same parents. Sarah who is dead now, also has Dr. John and Mama as parents. Both Oscie and Maria are in love with the south and don’t want to part with most of its ways when they move.

Cultural Universals Between United States and China

According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the definition of culture is â€Å"the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group†. Every country has its specific culture and there are some obvious cultural universals between China and America. One example of such cultural universal is the directness of American versus the humbleness of the Chinese people. Another example would be the self independence of the young Americans versus the young Chinese who tend to depend on their parents.What I would like to cover are the holidays observed by United States and China, roles played in the family by husband and wife, parenting styles and conflict management. Holidays observed There are two similar holidays that are celebrated in both United States and China, New Year’s Day and Chinese New Year’s Day. In both countries, New Year’s Day is celebrated for the passing of the old year and the start of the New Year. Chines e New Year which is also called Spring Festival starts with the New Moon on the first day of the New Year and ends on the Full Moon 15 days later.It is celebrated in honor of Heaven and Earth, the gods of the household, and the family ancestors as a family affair, a time of reunion and thanksgiving. During the Chinese New Year, Chinese people decorate the house with red couplets on the doors and they visit each other during this holiday. They will feast on traditional foods like New Year cake and dumplings. New Year’s Day in United States is celebrated on January 1st. It is celebrated with a resolution to get rid of bad habits and start a new one when the clock strikes 12am. Roles between husband and wifeIn United States, family is in a more nuclear and immediate interaction while family in China is larger due to its culture. The Chinese family involves uncles, aunts and other relatives. Most of the American household consist of the father, mother and the children in the sing le household, while the Chinese household is usually bigger and would consist of multiple generations under one roof. In the Chinese family, the roles of men and women are usually pretty much defined by the husband generating income for the family while the wife is responsible for running the household and taking care of the children.The father usually holds the dominant role and decision maker. According to quintessential website, it mentioned that the institution of family is the pinnacle of society. It also mentioned that the traditional Chinese family has a hierarchical order with the man as the head of the family. The father of the house is also responsible for housing and educating his children up until the time of their marriage. The American families advocate equality. The husband and the wife usually have an equality voice in decision-making, and on certain matters, family members are regarded as friend and they should treated equality in daily life.Parenting Style Yale law professor Amy Chua wrote a book named â€Å"Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother† and it talks about parenting styles between the Chinese verses the Western styles. She said that parents who set high standards tend to have kids who are more successful at school. It’s also clear that Chinese parents tend to spend more time pushing their kids to study, practice, and achieve. Her book created a huge controversial piece for the Wall Street Journal on â€Å"Why Chinese mothers are Superior â€Å". This article is about the response of Amy Chua to all the book readers that she believed took her parenting methods too serious.It explains how many Americans were shocked when they found out what she had done to her youngest daughter when it came to reciting her piano piece. It also touched on how Chua called her eldest daughter â€Å"garbage† at the dinner party they attended. She is explaining that she was just raising her children the same way her and her siblings were ra ised by her parents. She tells that her and her husband had many arguments and discussions on how to raise their children, and that he was not always against her.The Wall Street Journal article later conclude that Western parents try to respect their children's individuality, encouraging them to pursue their true passions, supporting their choices, and providing positive reinforcement and a nurturing environment. By contrast, the Chinese believe that the best way to protect their children is by preparing them for the future, letting them see what they're capable of, and arming them with skills, work habits and inner confidence that no one can ever take away. Conflict Management Chinese are more obliging and avoiding than Americans in managing conflicts.In managing conflict the Chinese are more concerned with maintaining interpersonal relationships. Just like any other situation, the rules for the polite way to handle problems are specific to a particular culture. An old Chinese sayi ng goes that â€Å"Do not talk too deep when you are not close enough with the other†, when one feels that their relationship with the other is not strong enough for conflict, he or she has should better express an opinion through someone else. If they disagree about something, they may have a direct communication for the sake of seeking a solution which is acceptable to both parties.In such a situation, Chinese always say that â€Å"we are all brothers, it is needless to argue†. In the process of negotiation, they may take various ways and ask others to â€Å"give me a face†. Quarrel makes both sides ugly; while agreements enable both to have their own shares. † In order to keep their harmonious relationship, they tend to concede and â€Å"give face† to each other. Therefore, both of them are able to walk away and compromise with other party. References * Chinese Culture Family Life. Country facts. Kwintessential. co. uk. Retrieved January 30th, 20 13. ttp://www. kwintessential. co. uk/articles/china/chinese-culture-family-life/article/China/Chinese-Culture-Family-Life/1781 * Why Chinese Mothers are Superior† The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 20 2013. http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052748704111504576059713528698754. html â€Å"Tiger Mom: Amy Chua Parenting Memoir Raises American Fears – TIME. † Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews – TIME. com. Web. February 10 2013. http://www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2043477,00. html

The Romanian Criminal Justice System - 1715 Words

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