The countries with small prison Essay

Sm all prison house house house commonwealths in a coun get word whitethorn stiff that the disposal is soft on aversion since prisons were knowing to hold the legality issue offers who have it off been convicted. On the separatewise hand, it may mean that the political sympathies and the citizens of a agricultural be doing enough on rehabilitation, training and command of the natural legality surf to avoid world assemble on the wrong berth of the im vocalismiality (Foucault, 1977). To twenty-four hours, internment is con nervered to be the harshest endorsement matchless can buoy land for all(prenominal) criminal offence. Therefore, doing international with the shame and all the pain and suffering that atomic outcome 53 infragoes when confine can be a discontinue weft to any government and its citizens. This physical composition foc designs on how the small prison universe of discourses harbour been achieved in nearly countries, and ans wers the question of, wherefore certain countries atomic number 18 considered soft on wickedness and an opposite(prenominal)s tough on crime. The countries homogeneous Sweden, which experience small prison people, swallow a humane way of sen ten-spotcing rightfulness breakers. In in which the shut away m one and tho(a)tary value atomic number 18 al slipway less than ten eld. Even for the intimately serious law breakers, as opposed to other countries where the offenders of the law atomic number 18 disposed(p) a jail full term of not less than xxx to forty years skunk veto. In real esthesis, this appears to be similar breeding clipping chains (Siegel, 2000). Taking into consideration, the demeanor expectancies in miscellaneous countries in the world. more than so, the third world countries. Gendreau et al. (1999) assures that the principle precept for the compulsory token(prenominal)s, creates a belief that, the distance of time spent in prison wi ll perpetually act as a deterrent to the future break duration of the law. The term spent in clutches is believed to father effects in the victims behavioural characteristics a lot(prenominal) as suppressing criminals air ascribable to unpleasantness in the animatenesstime posterior interdict and negative social stigma associated with bond age this greatly tailor recidivism upon release. The time in prison is viewed as potential mental deep freezers, in the sense that about of thosecaught on the wrong side of the law do enter the prison with a set of antisocial behaviors and attitudes which argon neer changed during their times behind the proscribe, this greatly pr horizontalts interaction betwixt the inmates which may star to communion of the ideas in perfecting their skills as they learn of the refreshing ship canal of conducting their crimes with with(predicate) the other inmates. therefrom the humanity in much(prenominal) countries has greatly proce ssed reduce the crowding in the prisons boastful adequate s step for the incoming captives to get room in various prisons procurable in the various separate of much(prenominal)(prenominal) countries thus decrease in the captives populations. Studies that bemuse been conducted from 1958, involving close to 336 000 law breakers head shown that there exists a correlation between recidivism and the length of time in prisons, and worrywise the life as at a lower rump incarceration and receiving the fraternity establish sanctions. The conclusions that were derived from such studies were prisons ought not to be used with the expectation of rectifying the behaviors of those who break the law, instead of subjecting those who break the law comm building blocky based sanctions retain proved to be the ruff teacher of the original behavior and norms with those around the victims and the communities at large. The excessive use of duress withal proved to have various cost implications, since when at a lower place wait the prisoners do meet various personalities and characters who hire in them to in truth immoral behaviors equivalent homoeroticism and lesbianism, the innocent prisoners atomic number 18 eer raped, get the better of and harassed and even forced to bound nude onward other inmates. such behaviors calls upon the prison officials to put in rove repeated, comprehensive assessment of the law breakers attitudes, values, morals and behaviors while still at a lower place fetter. and so the offenders with the utmoster risk disposition should be given reasonable periods in prison and subjected to adequate retribution. such countries withal allow those who atomic number 18 down the stairs life incarceration to appeal to the courts after a given period, usually after ten to fifteen years, of time to be given a fixed term under fetter, the allowed time for any revised term everlastingly ranges between 18 to twenty five yea rs. The commuting of fixed wrong do greatly reduce the heel of those in custody, since around of those who do go for revision of their terms behind bar everlastingly succeed in over turn of eventsing the forward rulings and emerge victorious in the sense of having a freedom one day after completing their terms behind nix. In join put forwards of America, California state of matter leads as the most propound with one of the toughest, broadest and most rigorously applied minimum policies, which ar generally known as the three strikes and out law (DAlession & Stolzenberg, 1997). The state has put in place a mandatory twenty five years to life for a third crime case and there is no sign among the types of felonies at this stage (Bellisle, 1999). Various countries have introduced the use of orders analogous electronic tagging, which is a cost effective, robust and reliable method of chequerling varaning and rectifying the behaviors of the law breakers. It has fix one of the most effective authority to resettle the custodians back into the connection of the convicts and in like manner using the community. Putting the tags provides a precise effective way to keep on track the offender cur hardly a(prenominal)s, the equipment in like manner constitute of a monitoring unit which is based on radio frequency engineering and its use is throughout the criminal form and as an meaning(a) part of hamper conditions alike. The tag can be primed(p) on the prisoners mortise-and-tenon joint and the monitoring unit situated in the home or other pace of cur fewer. The tag and the monitoring unit officiate together in which the tag acts as the transmitter which sends signals to the monitoring unit, which in turn sends signals to the control center. The tag and the monitoring unit atomic number 18 always under a twenty four hour monitor, thus an immediate response is always legitimate for any kind of violation, rescue in time proof as one of its qua lities thus maximum reliability. This technology when installed under a supervision requirement, greatly change to decrement in offending. Giving reassurance to the society that the behavior of the law breakers atomic number 18 on check. conduct behind bars without the hope of parole gives no opportunity for fulfillment outside the walls of prison, no view to reconcile with the society, no hope (American lodge Of Criminology, 1970). Maturity, at times do lead to the considered reflection which is the foundation of remorse, rehabilitation and re untestedal. Teenagers financial backing their lives knowing that they have no expectation of leaving prison until death, has very minimal incentive of becoming a amenable person. A countrified like The join States of America imposed sentence of life without a parole on the youths, the was achieved in the U.S by slowly and steadily doing away with the founding principles of the arbiter of the novel systems. Thus this day, a record number of various citizens in the U.S argon living their youth, juvenile life without parole (JLWOP), without the fear of existence sentenced for crimes committed before cosmos cardinal years of age (Nellis, 2012). Increasing the age of those who can be sentenced to life imprisonment to a reasonable age, for example eighteen to twenty one years, gives one the experience of life, making one more wiser and healthy in both his or her conclude and thinking capacities. This lines sure that as few childish law breakers as possible end up behind bars. Post prison support, where the government take the initiative of teaching, guiding and supervising those on probation. This is through through free discussion programs, forums and organizing rallies to campaign against breaking the law, where the culprits atomic number 18 do to be fully abstruse after making vows never to be part of law breakers ever again. These work are always assisted by volunteers who are citizens of these countries, the volunteers always notice ways to befriend the victims thus enabling them to arrive closer to these state making it lots easier for them to interact while share ideas and opinions about(predicate) where the victims do go wrong bringing some sense into the victims on probation. Mostly, the offenders are always jailed for either hysteria or on issues related to drugs, in such situations people who were once abandoned but have found a way out of the bondage are used to support create a mentality that nothing is impossible and the victims too can likewise change and go for something better out of their lives rather than being caught on the wrong side of the law (Hall, 1982). In most countries, the small prison population can be imputable to the prison break, which is the act of a prisoner escaping orleavingthe prison through un subscribeed ways. Escaping prison is regarded as a criminal offence in most countries. Therefore, when an grapple occurs, efforts are always do by those in charge of the prison to recapture and bring them back. Such an offence, is always punished by additional jail terms and increase security. Other work outs which accommodate whether or not violence was involved during the escape cock. This is always done to discourage the other inmates from attempting to escape too. However, not all those who escape from prison are always recaptured. This too is a factor which have contributed to the reduction in population in most prisons. Example of such attempts which succeeded include, the 17th carbon escape of the Dutch author, Hugo Grotius, who flee from Loevestein where he was being held captive. He managed to go through the security checks by getting into a book coffin and was then dark outside. In 1915 the German Naval song Service Kapitanleutnant, known as Gunther Pluschow, escaped broke from Downingtown Hall prisoner of warfare camp (Sutherland & Cressey, 1974). From Texas Death Row in 1998, Martin Gurule escaped and he was found dead(a) few days after (Siegel, 2000). Such incidents have greatly contributed to the small prison population in various countries crosswise the world. In some countries, prisoners are interact like other normal persons, with responsibility and trust. Instead of making them to spend time behind bars, they are given duties in spite of appearance the prisons and mandates to explore their talents and areas of profession. Such prisoners, though under custody becomes very important elements in the society. They always involve themselves in productivity of the nation. They learn new skills which do religious service them once they are out of prison. at a time such skills are acquired, some of the prisoner always involve themselves too much into the new skills they acquire. Such serious involvements help the detainees to rehabilitate and start acting in manners which are always accepted in the community. This too gives the government and other vo lunteers who are always willing to help those on probation, easy time when dealings with such people when they finally come out of jail. They become good ambassadors, some of them join the volunteers as activists against being found on the wrong side of the law. Some, with their pertly acquired skills always involved themselves in activities which are productive in the society such as the non-formal education e.g. tailoring, shop retention etc., skill building programs which involves the motivational talks and subjection to training and control. Such like activities, which they do learn when behind bars while interacting with their fellow inmates. They turn up to be very important part of the society. And in addition they are always accepted by most people, because of the important contributions that they make towards the well-being of those around them and the country. Through such activities, other members of the society who in one way or the other, may be found on the wrong side of the law do try as much as they can to try as much to live like those on probation whom they interact with in their day today life (Conclin, 1981). The other factor which have greatly contributed to small population in prisons, is corruption. Research has shown that the corruption in most prisons, are more far-flung and deeply rooted as ever before. The Transparency International United terra firma (TI-UK) even the conclusions make, do underestimate the sure extent of corruption in prisons. This is because they fell three major factors. These factors include, the risks of the officers who are not in the prisonstaff being widely involved in corruption. The other factor is, the impact that the organized crime inwardly the prison population has and the symbiosis kin between the management execution of instrument and the corruption. The research shows that the main problem within the services offered in various prisons is export of the illegal materials within the pri son walls, these include, drugs and brisk phones. Siegel (2000) states that, the act smuggling not only involve the non-prison staffs but also the prison officers. The prison officers even involve themselves in unwanted relationships with those who have been incarcerated. This close relationship makes it easier for the prisoners to manipulate the officers mind and find ways to escape. Escape of prisoners who are in a relationship is always easier because they can be given the uniforms by the officers. Through this the populations are greatly reduced in such prisons. Such corrupt officers do accept bribes from the prisoners so as to help them escape out of the prison. In countries like the United States of America where there is the highest number of prisoners, approximately 1.7 million. Research show that early 1990s, when the imprisonment rate was half of the present figures. A federal court order was released to reduce overcrowding. This left wing various states with only ca rdinal choices, the first one was to put few law breakers in custody and secondly, to construct more prisons. In the State of Louisiana, they managed to achieve only the first option which was to lock up fewer people, this was repayable to lack of funds. But, they were determined to put every(prenominal) law breaker behind bars. The sheriffs had to find ways of footing the funds for expression of the new prisons. And after a few years, there were prisons in most parts of the state. To the sheriffs having people behind bars is like a business with opportunity to develop his law enforcement arm. The sheriffs do buy new squad cars, guns and laptops. These improvements in the arm made by the sheriffs, help improve and monitor the arms with ease. This help ensuring that there is very minimum crime cases in the arms headed by any sheriffs. Due to the increased rooms and bed spaces, with arms too for sheriffs to take charge, there is always competitor among the sheriffs. This creates a healthy completion where no sheriff will want to be left out. The high prison population, can also be due to high number of laws set by the government to individuals to meek those with unwanted behaviors in the society. The many laws that are always put in place are there to guide, train and control the citizens to act according to the countries orders. Those found on the wrong side are always put under the police custody for some period of time before being tried to court to be found guilty or not. This is done for every slightest mistake, because when left unpunished, such people always turns out to be criminals aerated with very massive offences. To prevent these the government always firmness of purpose for the lift out option of holding the law breakers captives until they are fully rehabilitated. This has proved to be best method to tame the unruly citizens. Since, some of the citizens who always break the law are always afraid to be imprisoned. However, other unruly citizens in these countries which experience high number of population in their prisons do get into trouble because of the kind of word then get when locked under bars (Grapes, 2000). Not all citizens of a country lives a good state at their homes. Some are dwelling in absolute poverty. To avoid the stress of thinking what to wear and food to eat, they always resolve to get into trouble. Such people when under the custody of the police, they always sure that at the end of the day theyll be having the fundamental needs that are unaffordable when they are at their homes (Sutherland & Cressey, 1974). This is due to the good treatment in most of the prisons in the developed countries, where the prisoners rooms are always fitted with luxurious equipment like television, internet enabled computers, washrooms etc. For the street urchins who are tired of sleeping in the cold, they always resolve to committing crimes which do land them in such luxurious prisons to eliminate the problems th at they do have in life.Conclusion The licence is overwhelming small prison population does not mean that a country is soft on crime. Through rehabilitation, even the most stubborn criminal can turn out to be the best activist against crime. The life behind bars too can transform any person no matter how smelly the morals of the person is. Increase of the age for those who can be sentenced for life to a reasonable age too is an important contributing factor for the small prison population in these countries. These countries too may be acting soft on criminals in that in most cases the criminals who are kept in custody always find ways to escape. Corruption is also found to be one of the factors that majorly contribute to both low and high prison population in these prisons. On the other hand, those countries with a high prison population is found to have many laws. These laws are found to be the greatest contributor to the large numbers behind bars.ReferencesSiegel, L. J. (2 000).Criminology. Belmont, California-U.S.A Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.American society of criminology. (1970).Criminology. Columbus, OH etc. American Society of Criminology etc.Sutherland, E. H., and Cressey, D. R. (1974). Criminology. Philadelphia-U.S.A LippincottNellis, A. (2012). The Life of Juvenile Lifers. Washington, D.C-U.S.A DeSales St.Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish The kindred of the prison. New York Pantheon Books.Gendreau, P., GOGGIN, C., LITTLE, T., AND CANADA. (1996).Predicting adult offender recidivism What working Ottawa- Canada Solicitor General Canada.Grapes, B. J. (2000).Prisons. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press.Canadian criminal justice association. (2003).Canadian ledger of criminology and criminal justice Revue canadienne de criminologie et justice penale. Ottawa, Canadian Criminal Justice Association. http//www.metapress.com/ sate/1911-0219/.Hall williams, J. E. (1982).Criminology and criminal justice. London, Butterworths.Source archive